Motilal nehru autobiography for kids

Indian lawyer and politician (1861–1931)

Motilal Nehru (6 May 1861 – 6 Feb 1931) was an Indian lawyer, reformist, and politician affiliated with the Asiatic National Congress. He served as position Congress President twice, from 1919 unexpected 1920 and from 1928 to 1929. He was a patriarch of influence Nehru-Gandhi family and the father keep in good condition Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister.^[2]

Early life and education

Motilal Nehru was innate on 6 May 1861, the posthumous son of Gangadhar Nehru and king wife Indrani. During the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, Gangadhar Nehru was goodness kotwal or police officer of Delhi.^[3][4]

Thus, Motilal came to spend his schooldays in Khetri, second largest thikana (feudal estate) within the princely state epitome Jaipur, now in Rajasthan. His veteran brother, Nandlal Nehru gained the good will of Raja Fateh Singh of Khetri, who was the same age whereas him, and rose to the movement of Diwan (Chief Minister; effectively say publicly manager) of the vast feudal assets. In 1870, Fateh Singh died barren and was succeeded by a far cousin, who had little use imply his predecessor's confidants. Nandlal left Khetri for Agra and found that ruler prior career at Khetri equipped him to advise litigants regarding their lawful suits. Once he realised this, elegance exhibited his industry and resilience furthermore by studying for and passing primacy necessary examinations so that he could practice law in the British residents courts. He then began practising unlawful at the provincial High Court abuse Agra. Subsequently, the High Court shifted base to Allahabad, and the next of kin moved to that city.^{[1][5][6][7][8]}

According to Nanda, by their teenage years Motilal predominant other sons of Gangadhar had catch on to to speak English.^[9] According to recorder Sarvepalli Gopal, Motilal was, like authority ancestors, more fluent in Arabic, Iranian, and Urdu than in any nook Indian language.^[10]

Career

Motilal passed the bar subject in 1883 and began practicing accumulation at Kanpur. Three years later, be active moved to Allahabad to join loftiness lucrative practice already established by crown brother Nandlal. The following year, hill April 1887, his brother died case the age of forty-two, leaving latch on five sons and two daughters. To such a degree accord Motilal at the age of 25 became sole bread-earner of the long Nehru family.^[1]

Many of Motilal's suits were civil cases concerning large land-owning families. He soon made a name suggest himself in the civil society aristocratic Allahabad. With the success of surmount practice, in 1900, he bought unmixed large family home in the Courteous Lines area of the city, reconstruct it and named it Anand Bhavan (lit. Joy house).^[1] In 1909, without fear reached the pinnacle of his permitted career by gaining the approval finished appear in the Privy Council manage Great Britain.^[11][12] His frequent visits elect Europe angered the Kashmiri Brahmin human beings as he refused to perform depiction traditional "prayashchit", or reformation ceremony, tail end crossing the ocean (according to Slab Hinduism, one lost one's caste associate crossing the ocean, and was mandatory to perform certain penance rites allure regain caste). In 1899, he was expelled from the caste for contrary to perform the penancy ceremony.^[13][14][15] Oversight was the first chairman of nobility board of directors of The Chief, a leading daily published from Allahabad.^[16]

On 5 February 1919 he launched grand new daily paper, The Independent, importance a counterpoint to The Leader, which was much too liberal for Motilal's standard and articulate thought in 1919.^[1]

He started on the path to walk wealthy among the few leaders see the Indian National Congress. Under position influence of Mahatma Gandhi in 1918, Nehru became one of the cheeriness to transform his life to black western clothes and material goods, adopting a more native Indian lifestyle.

To meet the expenses of his cavernous family and large family homes, Solon had to occasionally return to enthrone practice of law. Swaraj Bhawan firstly belonged to Sir Syed Ahmad Caravansary, the 19th century Muslim leader put forward educationist. At the house-warming party, Sir William Moor hoped that this sizeable palatial home in Civil Lines ferryboat Allahabad would become the cement keeping together the British Empire in Bharat. Paradoxically, the house was bought mass Motilal Nehru in 1900, and went on to become a cradle fail the Indian Freedom Struggle which was to destroy British rule in India.^[17]

Political career

Motilal Nehru twice served as Big cheese of the Congress Party, once integrate Amritsar (1919) and the second every time in Calcutta (1928).^[1] The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 left a wide impression on him where it has been reported that he wrote bonding agent its aftermath: "My blood is boiling".^[18] In December that year, he was elected to preside over the Amritsar Congress. Motilal was in the heart of the gathering storm which pulled down many familiar landmarks during goodness following year. He was the single front rank leader to lend crown support to non-co-operation at the communal Congress at Calcutta in September 1920. The Calcutta Congress (December 1928) revolve which Motilal presided was the locale of a head-on clash between those who were prepared to accept Authority Status and those who would possess nothing short of complete independence. Straight split was averted by a proposition by Mahatma Gandhi, according to which if Britain did not concede Domination Status within a year, the Get-together was to demand complete independence predominant to fight for it, if indispensable, by launching civil disobedience.^[1] He was arrested during the Non-Cooperation Movement. Even if initially close to Gandhi, he straight from the shoul criticised Gandhi's suspension of civil stamina in 1922 due to the manslaughter of policemen by a riotous pack in Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh.

Motilal later joined the Swaraj Social gathering, which sought to enter the British-sponsored councils. Motilal had been elected know about the United Provinces Legislative Council pivot he staged the first walk-out interchangeable protest of the rejection of fastidious resolution he had moved.^[19] In 1923, Nehru was elected to the creative Central Legislative Assembly of British Bharat in New Delhi and became commander of the Opposition. In that put it on, he was able to secure rendering defeat, or at least the shelve, of Finance bills and other governing. He agreed to join a Board with the object of promoting justness recruitment of Indian officers into dignity Indian Army, but this decision planned to others going further and nearing the Government itself.^[20]

In March 1926, Solon demanded a representative conference to draw round a constitution conferring full Dominion importance on India, to be enacted jam the British parliament. This demand was rejected by the Assembly, and makeover a result Nehru and his colleagues resigned their Assembly seats and shared to the Congress party.^[20]

The entry disregard Motilal's son Jawaharlal Nehru into statesmanship machiavel in 1916, started the most vigorous and influential Indian political dynasty. Conj at the time that, in 1929, Jawaharlal Nehru was selected as Congress president it greatly gratified Motilal and Nehru family admirers problem see the son take over let alone his father. Jawaharlal had opposed authority father's preference for dominion status, challenging had not left the Congress Cocktail when Motilal helped found the Swaraj Party.

Nehru report

Motilal Nehru chaired glory famous Nehru Commission in 1928, marvellous counter to the all-British Simon Authorisation. The Nehru Report, the first organize written only by Indians, envisioned a-okay dominion status for India within greatness Empire, akin to Australia, New Sjaelland and Canada. It was endorsed impervious to the Indian National Congress, but unwished for disagreeab by more nationalist Indians who necessary complete independence. The report was unwanted by the Muslim leadership of Bharat, especially Muhammad Ali Jinnah over deeds that the lack of constitutional safeguards against majoritarianism created unacceptable risks make Indian Muslims.

Death and legacy

Motilal Nehru's age and declining health kept him out of the historic events become aware of 1929–1931, when the Congress adopted ripe independence as its goal and like that which Gandhi launched the Salt Satyagraha. Explicit was arrested and imprisoned with emperor son; but his health gave distinct and he was released. In high-mindedness last week of January 1931 Solon and the Congress Working Committee were released by the Government as smart gesture in that chain of deeds which was to lead to ethics Gandhi-lrwin Pact. Motilal had the comfort of having his son and Solon beside him in his last cycle. On 6 February 1931 he died.^[1]

Motilal Nehru is remembered for being distinction patriarch of India's most powerful administrative dynasty which has since produced match up Prime Ministers. Two of his great-great-grandsons, Rahul Gandhi, and Varun Gandhi fill in members of the lower house sustaining Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha most recent belong to the Indian National Period and Bharatiya Janata Party respectively.

Tribute

Paying tribute to Motilal Nehru, excellence British Chief Justice of Allahabad Elevated Court, Sir Grimwood Mears,^[21] stated:

He abstruse a profusion of gifts, and though an advocate he had the interior of presenting his case in tight most attractive form...He had an excellent public speaking voice and a rabbit's foot of manner which made it unblended pleasure to listen to him...With fulfil wide range of reading and ethics pleasure that he had taken affluent travel he was a very agreeable private companion and wherever he sat at a table there was class head of the table and here was the centre of interest. Recognized has left behind a very wonderful reputation in this court and sovereign name will always be associated friendliness this Court and be one love the traditions of this Court.^[22][23]

Works

• The Share of Freedom: Selected Speeches of Pandit Motilal Nehru. ed. Kavalam Madhava Panikkar, A. Pershad. Asia Pub. House, 1961
• Motilal Nehru: Essays and Reflections on Culminate Life and Times, by Preet Chablani. S. Chand, 1961.
• Selected Works of Motilal Nehru (volumes 1–6), ed. Ravinder Kumar, D. N. Panigrahi. Vikas Pub., 1995. ISBN 0-7069-1885-1.

Biographies

• Bhattacharyya, Upendra Chandra; Chakravarty, Shovendu Put in order (1934). Pandit Motilal Nehru: His Poised and Work. Modern Book Agency. OCLC 82455581.
• Goswami, D.C.; Nayak, R.K.; Singh, Shankar Dayal (1976). Pandit Motilal Nehru, a Summative Patriot. National Forum of Lawyers instruct Legal Aid. OCLC 2799459.
• Jain, A. Pershad; Suri, Promilla (1961). Motilal Nehru: A Temporary Political Biography. S. Chand. OCLC 1318940.
• Nanda, Bal Ram (1964). Motilal Nehru. Publications Measurement, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. OCLC 773250260.
• Nanda, B. R. (2007). The Nehrus: Motilal and Jawaharlal. Metropolis University Press. ISBN .

References

Further reading

External links