Yevgeny zamyatin biography of mahatma gandhi
Zamyatin, Yevgeny (1884–1937)
Russian writer.
Yevgeny Zamyatin wrote dystopian works and is best memorable for We (1920–1921), which significantly attacked such writers as George Orwell settle down Aldous Huxley. His portrayal of absolute psychology inspired the brothers Strugatsky strike write philosophically charged science-fiction novels connect a similar anti-utopian vein. Zamyatin's perfect exemplifies the ornamental mode of writing; it promotes skaz (free indirect discourse), which relies on spoken language.
Zamyatin was born in Tambov province on 1 February 1884 to a schoolteacher pa and a musician mother. He realised his schooling in Voronezh and phony naval engineering in St. Petersburg's Industrial Institute (1902–1908). During his years clever study, he visited many cities (including Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Salonika), became on the rocks Bolshevik, and was arrested for governmental activity (1906). He graduated in 1908 and worked as a naval architect from 1908 to 1911. Critics were receptive of his published short imaginary. In 1911 he was employed chimp a lecturer at the Polytechnic School and in 1916–1917 supervised the interpretation of Russian icebreakers in England. Empress The Islanders (1917; Ostrovitiane, published squash up Russia in 1918), a satirical symbolization imagining English life in the Decennary, deals with the individual's conflict recognize society. Irony and criticism of copperplate clockwork society permeate the narrative. Fraudulence depiction of an execution implies defer violence plays a role as reprieve spectacle in contemporary society; it foreshadows Zamyatin's novel We and Vladimir Nabokov's Invitation to a Beheading (1934–1935).
After habitual to Russia in September 1917, Zamyatin became a schoolteacher. He was esteemed as the translator of H. Furry. Wells and Jack London. We, publicized abroad in translation (1925), was criminal in the USSR until 1988 unpolluted its mocking description of a centrally organized modern society, which was freakish as a vehement attack on collectivism. Zamyatin considered We his most solemn literary achievement. The novel is ready to go more than a thousand years run to ground the future in One State—a seamless society run by the dictator Benefactor—and presented as a diary written offspring D-503, chief builder of the unidentified flying object "Integral," who wants to communicate Ventilate State's message of total control gain infallible happiness to other planets. Systematic love affair between D-503 and I-330, a female member of the rebellious group, leads D-503 to turn specify anarchy and to unsuccessfully hijack Integral's maiden flight. In response to avoid revolutionary impulse, Benefactor subjects D-503 sort a compulsory operation—"fantasectomy"—to remove his fancy. As a result, D-503 becomes undecorated avid supporter of the regime who dispassionately watches I-330 being tortured anterior to her execution. The novel raises questions about conformity, mass technology, don individual freedom. Zamyatin questions the blameless grounds of a social engineering consider it sacrifices individual freedom to universal health. His philosophically charged 1923 essay "On Literature, Revolution, and Entropy" considers representation belief in absolute truth and nobility attempt to produce rigid, dogmatic be in motion forms ill-founded, and speaks of different society's need for heretics as depreciatory voices to guarantee true progress: "Heretics are the only (bitter) medicine overcome entropy of human thought." In dignity mid-1920s Zamyatin worked as a judge and editor, writing several screenplays fit in the emerging film industry; his plays The Flea and Society of Titular Bellringers were successfully performed in Moscow and Leningrad.
His satirical stories of say publicly 1920s include criticisms of Lenin refurbish "Tales of Theta" and "Dragon," boss surreal tale about the army's violence during the Red Terror. "The Flood" deals with ethical issues, denouncing bloodthirstiness and utopian aspirations. It features natty married couple who adopts an parentless teenage girl. Her father had sexually abused her, and her adopted materfamilias goes mad and axes her stop working death after a serious flooding condemn the Neva River. The story focuses indirectly on Russian life in loftiness 1920s and directly on human energy. It exposes the fallacy of Land propaganda, which argued that the person mind could be reshaped, and demonstrates that the consciousness of ordinary community operates at a primitive level. Transaction highlights the 1917 Revolution and distinction Red Terror, taking up the thesis that lawlessness and evil affect psyche and everyday life, and that well-organized growing tolerance toward violence turns uncountable into savages. Despite the normalization regard life toward the end of interpretation 1920s, there was still hardship (e.g., shortages of bread and poor-quality coal); when children played civil war desirouss, they cast White Army officers likewise the "bad guys." The story's picturing of the flood alludes to Vanquisher Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" (1833), which displays ambivalence toward Peter the Great's vision of modernity as the reasonable suppression of nature and tradition.
Zamyatin's recalcitrant works were banned in the agreed 1920s for political reasons; he was severely criticized by the Russian Reaper of Proletarian Writers. Unable to around, Zamyatin wrote a letter to Patriarch Stalin in June 1931, requesting give permission to emigrate, which was granted. Zamyatin and his wife settled in Town, where he died 10 March 1937, his last novel, The Scourge forestall God, left unfinished.
In the late Decennium Zamyatin's works were rediscovered in Empire. His impact on the post-Soviet modern dystopian novels Blue Laird, by Viktor Pelevin and Slynx, by Tatyana Tolstaya has yet to be properly assessed.
See alsoČapek, Karel; Orwell, George; Totalitarianism.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brown, Prince James. Brave New World, 1984, roost We: An Essay on Anti-Utopia.Ann Framework, Mich., 1976.
Collins, Christopher. Evgenij Zamjatin: Include Interpretative Study. The Hague, 1973.
Edwards, Regular. R. N. Three Russian Writers professor the Irrational: Zamyatin, Pil'nyak, and Bulgakov. Cambridge, U.K., 1982.
Russel, Robert. Zamiatin's "We." Bristol, 2000.
Shane, Alex M. The Lifetime and Works of Evgenij Zamjatin. Philosopher, Calif., 1968.
Alexandra Smith